Stigmatization: factors that build a negative identity in children and adolescents in basic and secondary education institutions in Ecuador
Keywords:
stigma, identity, Rights, educational institutionsAbstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the factors that predominate in the social stigmatization of children and adolescents in the educational institutions of basic and intermediate levels of the urban area of the Milagro canton, in the Province of Guayas, Ecuador, and how this affects the construction of their identities. A quantitative-qualitative research was applied, and 929 students from 3 educational institutions, selected as informants, were chosen to do the study. The first aspect was done to establish the number of children in this situation, while the qualitative part aimed at typifying those factors that condition or contribute to social stigmatization, by applying the test of the human figure, of intimidation; focused on identifying them and, with this intervention, reducing their negative impact; to carry out the respective triangulations, classified as correlational, transversal and field study. The results found made it possible to show that 120 children were framed as stigmatized by their peers, which was related to some physical defect or some very marked characteristic such as ethnography. It is concluded that this stigmatization has repercussions and presents a high level of affectation, especially in their self-esteem, generating emotional instability, anxiety, need for affection, and low moods. A psychological and social intervention plan was proposed, focused on the principle of non-discrimination and the best interests of the child, as suggested by the UNICE
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