Perspective on assisted suicide and euthanasia: systematic review

Abstract

Medicine, despite its scientific advances, continues to be a task that cannot guarantee the outcome of life, even so, health care is still in a process of humanization, especially the care of pain and suffering. In this area, caring for the autonomy of the terminally ill patient is vital, as well as his or her decision to continue living in the same conditions or to die with dignity. Therefore, euthanasia and assisted suicide are presented as options in some countries, however, they are issues that cause great controversy because of their bioethical implications. General objective: To examine the scientific literature on the perception of euthanasia and assisted suicide in health professionals. Methodology: A systematic review of the literature was carried out, following the recommendations of the PRISMA declaration, researching in scientific databases such as: SCOPUS, Pubmed, Taylor & Francis, Scielo, Google Scholar and Web of Science; during the period 2005- 2021, including information in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. Results: The perception of these terms depends on everyone, seeing that there are multiple factors that tip the balance in favor or against, however, all health professionals are inclined to respect one of the bioethical principles which is patient autonomy. Conclusion: Euthanasia and assisted suicide are a bioethical dilemma, since on the one hand there is respect for patient autonomy and on the other hand the fact of killing or helping another human being to die. The perception of these practices will always be influenced by the biopsychosocial characteristics of everyone.