Academic burnout and psychological well-being in Peruvian higher education students in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Keywords:
Academic burnout, psychological well-being, university students, education, emotional exhaustion, cynicism, academic effectiveness.Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the migration from the face-to-face or blended teaching-learning modality to virtuality, which has forced students to adapt to this new scenario, however, despite the fact that this modality has favorable aspects, it has also had implications in the socio-emotional aspect. In this sense, the objective of this research was to determine the relationship between academic burnout and psychological well-being in students of a pedagogical higher education institute in Peru during the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research approach was quantitative, the design was non-experimental, and the type was descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 150 students to whom the Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS) and the Psychological Well-being Scale were applied, instruments with the required levels of validity and reliability. The main findings indicate that the students were characterized by moderate levels of academic burnout as well as psychological well-being and it was determined that there is an inverse and significant relationship between both variables (rho= -0.601; p<0.05). It was concluded that it is necessary to implement intervention programs that allow the development of protective factors and coping strategies in students so that they can cope adequately in stressful situations and thus improve their psychological well-being.
Downloads
References
Quiroz, C., Pareja, A., Valencia, E., Enríquez, Y., De León, J. & Aguilar, P. Un nuevo coronavirus, una nueva enfermedad: COVID-19. Horizonte Médico (Lima). 2020. 20(2): e1208. https://doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2020.v20n2.11
Briceño, L., Bermúdez, V. Obesidad infantil en la era de COVID: La epidemia dentro de la pandemia. Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertensión. 2022. 17(2):176-184. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6687128
Lizcano, F. & Arroyave, F. El ambiente, los desplazamientos y el riesgo cardiovascular en la pandemia por COVID-19. Revista Colombiana de Cardiología. 2020. 27(3): 160-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rccar.2020.05.001
Gonzales, A., Ruesta, R., Aranda, M., Medina, G. & Sanjinéz, J. Relación del liderazgo directivo y las competencias emocionales en tiempos de COVID-19. Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacología y Terapéutica. 2022. 41(1):39-44. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6370344
Mejía, C., Rodríguez, J., Charri, J., Liendo, D., Morocho, N., Benites, C., Avalos, M., Medina, D., Carranza, R. & Mamani, O. Repercusión académica de la COVID-19 en universitarios peruanos. Revista Cubana de Investigaciones Biomédicas. 2021. 40(1):e814. http://www.revibiomedica.sld.cu/index.php/ibi/article/view/814
Suárez, J., Bedoya, L., Posada, M., Arboleda, E., Urbina, A., Ramírez, S., Bohórquez, C. & Ferreira, J. Percepción de los estudiantes sobre adaptaciones virtuales en cursos de anatomía humana por la contingencia SARS-CoV-2. Academia y Virtualidad. 2021. 14(1): 151-168. https://doi.org/10.18359/ravi.5275
Toquero, C. Challenges and opportunities for higher education amid the COVID-19 pandemic: The Philippine context. Pedagogical Research. 2020. 5(4):em0063. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/7947
Lizana, P., Vega, G., Gómez, A., Leyton, B. & Lera, L. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on teacher quality of life: A longitudinal study from before and during the health crisis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021. 18(7):3764. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073764
Estrada, E., Mamani, M., Gallegos, N., Mamani, H. & Zuloaga, M. Estrés académico en estudiantes universitarios peruanos en tiempos de la pandemia del COVID-19. Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacología y Terapéutica. 2021. 40(1):88-93. http://saber.ucv.ve/ojs/index.php/rev_aavft/article/view/22351
Garrosa, E., Blanco, L., Carmona, I. & Moreno, B. How do curiosity, meaning in life, and search for meaning predict college students’ daily emotional exhaustion and engagement? Journal of Happiness Studies. 2017. 18: 17-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9715-3
Alfonso, B., Calcines, M., Monteagudo, R. & Nieves, Z. Estrés académico. EDUMECENTRO. 2015. 7(2):163-178. http://www.revedumecentro.sld.cu/index.php/edumc/article/view/530
Estrada, E., Gallegos, N., Huaypa, K., Paredes, Y. & Quispe, R. Tecnoestrés en estudiantes de una universidad pública de la Amazonía peruana durante la pandemia COVID-19. Revista Brasileira de Educação do Campo. 2021. 6, e12777. https://doi.org/10.20873/uft.rbec.e12777
Estrada, E., Gallegos, N., Mamani, H. & Huaypar, K. Actitud de los estudiantes universitarios frente a la educación virtual en tiempos de la pandemia de COVID-19. Revista Brasileira de Educação do Campo. 2020. 5, e10237. https://doi.org/10.20873/uft.rbec.e10237
Mejía, C., Rodríguez, J., Carbajal, M., Pérez, P., Porras, L., Sifuentes, J., Contreras, J., Carranza, R. & Ruiz, P. Fatalismo ante la posibilidad de contagio por el coronavirus: Generación y validación de un instrumento (F-COVID-19). Kasmera. 2020. 48(1):e48118032020. https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/kasmera/article/view/31357
Estrada, E. & Gallegos, N. Cansancio emocional en estudiantes universitarios peruanos en el contexto de la pandemia de Covid-19. Educação & Formação. 2022. 7(1):e6759. https://doi.org/10.25053/redufor.v7i1.6759
Cheung, P. & Li, C. Physical activity and mental toughness as antecedents of academic burnout among school students: a latent profile approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019. 16(11): 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16112024
Arias, W., Muñoz, A., Delgado, Y., Ortiz, M. & Quispe, M. Síndrome de burnout en personal de salud de la ciudad de Arequipa (Perú). Medicina y Seguridad del Trabajo. 2017. 63(249):331-344. http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0465-546X2017000400331
Aguayo, R., Cañadas, G., Assbaa, L., Cañadas, G., Ramírez, L. & Ortega, E. A risk profile of socio-demographic factors in the onset of academic burnout syndrome in a sample of university students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019. 16(5):707-716. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050707
García, V., Vega, Y., Farías, B., Améstica, L. & Aburto, R. Factores asociados al burnout académico en estudiantes de internado profesional de Fonoaudiología. Ciencia & Trabajo. 2018. 20(62):84-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-24492018000200084
Navarro, Y., Gómez, J., López, M. & Climent, J. Organizational justice, burnout, and engagement in university students: a comparison between stressful aspects of labor and university organization. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018. 15(10):2116. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102116
Rahmatpour, P., Chehrzad, M., Ghanbari, A. & Sadat, S. Academic burnout as an educational complication and promotion barrier among undergraduate students: A cross-sectional study. Journal of education and health promotion. 2020. 8:201. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_165_19
Dyrbye, L., West, C., Satele, D., Boone, S., Tan, L., Sloan, J. & Shanafelt, T. Burnout among U.S. medical students, residents, and early career physicians relative to the general U.S. population. Academic Medicine. 2014. 89(3):443-451. https://doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000000134
Topa, G. & Jurado, J. Emotional exhaustion and health complaints as indicators of occupational diseases among civil servants in Spain. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2018. 7(12): e523. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7120523
Janurek, J., Hadi, S., Mojzisch, A. & Häusser, J. The association of the 24 hour distribution of time spent in physical activity, work, and sleep with emotional exhaustion. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018. 15(9): e1927. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091927
Domínguez, S. & Merino, C. Medición con ítem único del agotamiento emocional académico en estudiantes universitarios peruanos: Evidencias de validez y confiabilidad. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación - e Avaliação Psicológica. 2019. 50(1):45-56. https://repositorio.usmp.edu.pe/handle/20.500.12727/6243
Lledó, A., Perandones, T., Herrera, L. & Lorenzo, G. Cansancio emocional, autoestima y satisfacción con los estudios en estudiantes universitarios. INFAD Revista de Psicología. 2014. 7(1):161-170. https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v7.787
Yu, J. & Chae, S. The mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between the academic burnout and psychological well-being of medical students. Korean Journal of Medical Education. 2020. 32(1):13-21. https://dx.doi.org/10.3946%2Fkjme.2020.149
Suárez, Y. & Restrepo, D. Recursos personales en el trabajo académico. “Self-Efficacy”: una herramienta para la intervención del burnout en universitarios. Bogotá: Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia; 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/14852
Osorio, M., Parrello, S. & Prado, C. Burnout académico en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios mexicanos. Enseñanza e Investigación en Psicología. 2020. 2(1): 28-37. https://www.revistacneip.org/index.php/cneip/article/view/86
Araque, F., Gonzáles, O., López, R., Nuván, I. & Medina, O. Bienestar psicológico y características sociodemográficas en estudiantes universitarios durante la cuarentena por SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19). Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacología y Terapéutica. 2020. 39(8):998-1004. http://saber.ucv.ve/ojs/index.php/rev_aavft/article/view/21320
Alós, F., Acedo, V., Maldonado, M. & Moreno, E. Bienestar psicológico y discapacidad: una comparativa entre estudiantes universitarios. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology. 2021. 19(53):93-116. https://doi.org/10.25115/ejrep.v19i53.3560
Cassaretto, M. & Martínez, P. Validación de las escalas de bienestar, de florecimiento y afectividad. Pensamiento Psicológico. 2016. 15(1):19-31. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/801/80149351002.pdf
Meléndez, J., Agustí, A., Delhom, I., Reyes, M. & Satorres, E. Bienestar subjetivo y psicológico: comparación de jóvenes y adultos mayores. Summa Psicológica UST. 2018. 15(1):18-24. https://summapsicologica.cl/index.php/summa/article/view/335/354
Keyes, C., Shmotkin, D. & Ryff, C. Optimizing Well-Being: The Empirical Encounter of Two Traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2002. 82(6): 1007–1022. http://aging.wisc.edu/pdfs/871.pdf
Harvey, J., Obando, L., Hernández, K. & De la Cruz, E. Bienestar psicológico y estrategias de afrontamiento frente a la COVID-19 en universitarios. Universidad Y Salud. 2021. 23(3):207-216. https://doi.org/10.22267/rus.212303.234
Ryff, C. & Keyes, C. The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1995. 69(4):719-727. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.69.4.719
Estrada, H., De la Cruz, S., Bahamón, M., Pérez, J. & Cáceres, A. Burnout académico y su relación con el bienestar psicológico en estudiantes universitarios. Revista Espacios. 2018. 39(15):1-17. https://www.revistaespacios.com/a18v39n15/18391507.html
Ríos, M., García, M., Sabuco, E., Carrillo, C. & Solano, C. Connections between academic burnout, resilience, and psychological well-being in nursing students: A longitudinal study. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2018. 74(12):2777-2784. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13794
Sánchez, H., Reyes, C. & Mejía, K. Manual de términos en investigación científica, tecnológica y humanística. Lima: Universidad Ricardo Palma; 2018.
Hernández, R. & Mendoza, C. Metodología de la investigación: las rutas cuantitativa, cualitativa y mixta. México: McGraw-Hill; 2018.
Bisquerra, R. Metodología de la Investigación Educativa. (2a ed.). Madrid: La Muralla S.A.; 2009.
Maslach, C. & Jackson, S. MBI: Maslach Burnout Inventory. Manual. Palo Alto: University of California, Consulting Psychologists Press; 1981.
Schaufeli, W., Salanova, M., González, V. & Bakker, A. The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies. 2002. 3:71-92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326
Correa, L., Loayza, J., Vargas, M., Huamán, M., Roldán, L. & Pérez, M. Adaptación y validación de un cuestionario para medir burnout académico en estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Ricardo Palma. Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana. 2019. 19(1):64-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25176/RFMH.v19.n1.1794
Dierendonck, D. The construct validity of Ryff´s Scales of psychological well-being and its extension with spiritual well-being. Personality and Individual Differences. 2004. 36:629-643. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00122-3
Pérez, M. Adaptación de la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff en trabajadores de empresas industriales del Distrito de Los Olivos. Lima: UCV; 2017.
Estrada, E., Gallegos, N. & Mamani, H. Burnout académico en estudiantes universitarios peruanos. Apuntes Universitarios. 2021. 11(2):48-62. https://doi.org/10.17162/au.v11i2.631
Bolaños, N. & Rodríguez, N. Prevalencia del síndrome de burnout académico en el estudiantado de Enfermería de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Revista Enfermería Actual en Costa Rica. 2016. 31:1-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/revenf.v0i31.24519
Matalinares, M., Díaz, G., Arenas, C., Raymundo, O., Baca, D., Uceda, J. & Yaringaño, J. Afrontamiento al estrés y bienestar psicológico en estudiantes universitarios de Lima y Huancayo. Revista de Investigación en Psicología, 19(2):123–143. https://doi.org/10.15381/rinvp.v19i2.12894
Salgado, S. & Au-Yong, M. Student burnout: A case study about a Portuguese public university. Education Sciences. 2021. 11(1):31. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11010031
Ye, Y., Huang, X. & Lui, Y. Social support and academic burnout among university students: a moderated mediation model. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 2021. 14:335-344. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S300797
Shokrpour, N., Bazrafcan, L., Ardani, A. & Nasiraei, S. The factors affecting academic burnout in medical students of Mashahd University of Medical Sciences in 2013-2015. Journal of Education and Health Promotion. 2020. 9:232. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_83_20
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 AVFT – Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacología y Terapéutica
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.